<-Johnathan Montgomery - Johnathan Alexandria - Timothy Max Roosevelt->
Johnathan Albert Bowes-Lyons Santiago Alexandria (January 31, 1870 - October 26, 1976) was a Moroccan Spaniard aristocrat who served as the 84th Head of State of the Empire of Chawosauria from January 1, 1900, until his retirement on December 31, 1975. Emperor Santiago was known to have reigned Chawosauria through 75% of the 20th century, through major events in modern human history, such as World War I, the Revolutions of 1917-1923, the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, the 1920s, the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. Emperor Santiago was dubbed by many of the 20th century Supreme Leader, the Supreme Leader of the 20th Century, the Supreme Leader of 20th Century Chawosauria, the World War Supreme Leader, and more infamously the Cold War Supreme Leader. Emperor Santiago's monarchy is the most eventful in Chawosaurian history because of these major events, however, his monarchy is also the most turbulent in Chawosaurian history because of it being scarred by all the wars of the 20th century. Emperor Santiago was also known personally for his incompetence, and idiocy due to being born into a class of privilege, resulting in his Prime Ministers having to carry on his head of government duties for him. Emperor Santiago is the first Supreme Leader of African origin, though whether he was black or Afro-Arabic is hotly debated because his race wasn't clear, but he was multiracial.
Johnathan Albert Bowes-Lyons Santiago Alexandria was born on January 31, 1870, in Madrid, Spain, to Moroccan aristocrat Suleiman Mustafa Alexandria and Spaniard aristocrat Sara Santiago Alexandria. Became known as Santiago, Santiago grew up in Morocco, where he enjoyed a luxurious Casablanca lifestyle of parties, sex, and hospitality. Santiago married Samantha Viera Bourbon in 1896, and from 1900 to 1917, Johnathan and Samantha had five children together, with only two of them surviving adulthood, but one of the two surviving adult children committed suicide. Samantha Bourbon had an affair with one of her husband's Prime Ministers, Garfield Lucas Webster. Due to Santiago's behavior, he was expelled from Lievremont Academy in 1885 and he was forced by his father to join the Spanish Armed Forces to straighten him out, but Santiago grew to love the Spanish military that he volunteered for the Spanish Navy and fought in the Spanish-American War, however he left the war defeated alongside his Spanish comrades, but regardless he returned a war hero.
Santiago was elected in the 1899 Chawosaurian direct election to become Supreme Leader of the Empire of Chawosauria. His monarchy began smoothly as he had more access to travel and power was absolute. However, he faced his first crisis, which was World War I, in which the war broke out in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, pitching Austria-Hungary and Serbia against each other, triggering the war. During the war, Emperor Santiago poorly handled domestic issues associated with the war such as opposition to the war, military conscription by world governments, and the Revolutions of 1917 to 1923. Santiago's next crisis was the Revolutions of 1917-1923 caused by the Russian Revolution, resulting in the Russian Civil War, resulting in the creation of the Soviet Union. Emperor Santiago was the leading commander-in-chief of the Chawosaurian intervention into the Russian Civil War, which was a disaster for Chawosauria as Chawosauria left the war humiliated in 1923. Then, there was the Spanish flu pandemic that swept the world and killed so many, including Santiago's mother. Entering into the 1920s, Emperor Santiago oversaw a great deal of economic and social growth of Chawosauria, but then collapsed into the Great Depression going into the 1930s. The Depression dwindled down as the Second World War broke out in 1939, and Santiago established the WWII Unity Government following its election in the 1939 Chawosaurian legislative elections. During the war. the allies successfully pushed back against the Axis powers and crushed the Germans in Berlin and nuked the Japanese in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
After the 1945 Chawosaurian legislative elections, Emperor Santiago faced a hostile Communist Party-controlled legislative branch of the Chawosaurian Imperial Government led by Timothy Max Roosevelt, and from 1945 to 1975, Emperor Santiago experienced a thirty year monarchy dominated by the Cold War where his monarchy is still scared by war, prominently in Korea and Vietnam, the Space Race, and the Nuclear Age. Emperor Santiago as a 20th century Supreme Leader of Chawosauria saw the rapid evolution of technology and human culture in terms of politics, human rights, democracy, and military technology. Amongst these changes in the world during the late 20th century is modernization, the expansion of civil rights especially in the United States, the legalization of homosexuality and the outbreak of the LGBT rights movement following the Stonewall riots in the U.S. and de-colonization of nations from European-influenced colonies to independent countries. By 1970, Emperor Santiago has aged considerably and reached the age of 100, in 1973, it was decided that a 1975 Chawosaurian direct election was needed to replace Emperor Santiago, ending his monarchy and forcing him into retirement, and Timothy Max Roosevelt was elected to replace him. Emperor Santiago left office on December 31, 1975.
Emperor Santiago died of a cerebral hemorrhage on October 26, 1976, at age 106, at Wycliffe Palace, in Kings Point, New York. Emperor Santiago's death caused shock and grief amongst the Chawosaurian people and he was given an imperial funeral in the first week of November, Emperor Santiago was laid to rest in the Chawopolis Palace in its imperial cemetery below the Chawopolis Palace, being buried next to past Emperors who ruled Chawosauria before him.
As years pass on after his death in 1976, Emperor Santiago has largely become a forgotten Supreme Leader despite his dramatically eventful tenure of office as Supreme Leader of 75 years, which no Supreme Leader who ever ruled Chawosauria this long of a reign ever since, making Emperor Santiago the most recent Monarch in Chawosaurian history to have reigned for more than three decades. Santiago ranks low in intelligence, decision-making, awareness, and compassion.
Santiago's race and ethnicity have become an interesting subject and debate years after his death, it is rumored by some that he was black or an Arab, or both, people point to accounts that state Santiago's skin was alot darker than the average Arab for alleging that he may have been black, and if Santiago is black, he would be the first black Supreme Leader and Imperial Leader overall in Chawosaurian history. In 2023, it was revealed by DNA results that Santiago is a direct descendant of so-called "Barbary pirates" which attracted universal fascination amongst the Chawosaurian public, and his private life becomes one of the fewest intriguing aspects of Emperor Santiago.
Early Life, Background, Marriage, and Family
Johnathan Albert Bowes-Lyons Santiago Alexandria was born on 31 January 1870, in a manor on the beautiful outskirts of Madrid, to Moroccan aristocrat Suleiman Mustafa Alexandria and Spanish aristocrat Isabela Sara Bahamonde. Became known by the nickname as Santiago. Santiago's father was a Muslim, and his mother was a Catholic, Santiago was baptized by the Catholic Church of Spain on February 23, 1870, but because of the religious diversity of his parents, Santiago grew up a Deist. Santiago is of Moroccan and Spaniard ancestry, making him possibly Arabic, however whether he was black or partially black remains a debate because of first hand knowledge of his racial characteristics found him different from typical Arabs, he was dark skinned than an Arab would normally be, creating speculation that he could have been black. What is clearly known about Santiago is that he is a direct descendant of Barbary pirates from his father's side, the Alexandria family has archives proving ancestors and confirmed by 2023 DNA test results that Santiago is related to Barbary pirates who fought the Barbary Wars and survived, the Alexandria family kept clothes that they fought in stained by their blood from their bullet wounds, which was how Santiago's Barbary traits was proven in 2023. On his mother's side, Santiago's mother is believed by some to be related to Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, however there is hardly any connections to that possibility but it is up to viewers to draw their own conclusions if preferred.
Santiago grew up in Casablanca, a city in Morocco. The Alexandrias moved there in 1873 when Santiago was three. One of the names Santiago was given was Alex for Alexander the Great, the Alexandrias lived in a crusader castle on the outskirts of Casablanca, and when Santiago was 11 in 1881, he was accepted into Lievremont Academy in France and sorted into the Lievremont House of Braganza. At Lievremont, Santiago was never known to be a humble and mature student, but Santiago was ambitious and athletic. Santiago was lazy, he got into countless fights, and was notorious for countless variety of bad behavior towards Lievremont professors and peers. Santiago's father grew tired of his behavior and forced him back to Spain to join the Spanish Armed Forces at age 16, without graduating from Lievremont due to expulsion because of fatigue with his behavior, Santiago's father hoped that the Spanish military will straighten him out and it was a tough environment, but Santiago grew to love the harsh environment of the Spanish military, Santiago's favorite activities involved getting into bloody fights with fellow cadets, often injuring them fatally for his pleasure and he becomes the academy bully who ruled his class with an iron fist.
Santiago graduated and he volunteered for the Spanish Navy, and his first war would be the Spanish American War, where the United States conquered many of Spain's colonial possessions, prominently Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Spain lost the war, and Santiago, though left the war defeated, was invigorated by his service. Throughout his 20s, Santiago enjoyed several sex parties, he traveled alot, and other wealthy activities.
In 1893, Santiago met Samantha Bourbon, a French aristocrat, and in 1896, Santiago and Samantha married. After meeting and prior to their marriage, Santiago and Samantha had developed a warm and romantic relationship, he had alot in common: a love for athletics, experience with the military, a love of music, and several other hobbies. Following their wedding, Santiago and Samantha had five children, only two survived through adulthood, but just one of them lived passed their 20s, their first child and son, Jonathan San Nicolas Alexandria, was born on January 3, 1900. The other four children: second child and son Carolus Bourbon Alexandria was born on March 23, 1903, but Carolus died as a child at age 10 on October 3, 1913; third child and son Francisco Dionisio Alexandria was born on June 3, 1905, but he also died at age 10 on June 23, 1915, just 20 days after his 10th birthday; their fourth child and only daughter Samantha Viera Alexandria was born on January 18, 1910, she made it to adulthood, married Timothy Max Roosevelt, her father's future successor as Supreme Leader, but Samantha had a turbulent marriage and she committed suicide on September 10, 1932, at age 22. Santiago's fifth child, son, and youngest child overall was Leonard Bourbon Alexandria, born in the United Kingdom on February 23, 1917, but Leonard had serious health problems that he died so young on September 23, 1923, at age 6.
Santiago had often felt a deep pain of the deaths of Carolus, Francisco, and Leonard, and grieved the suicide of his only daughter Samantha.
Santiago entered his candidacy for Supreme Leader of the Empire of Chawosauria in the 1899 Chawosaurian direct election, where he faced several candidates such as Garfield Lucas Webster, Ulysses G. Bellows, and more, then he faced his ultimate challenger, Timothy McDonald, who he defeated in the general election by a margin of 54-45%. The election was mostly uneventful and Westminster-controlled.
Supreme Leader of the Empire of Chawosauria (1900-1975)
Main articles: Santiago Era and Monarchy of Emperor Santiago
Johnathan Albert Bowes-Lyons Santiago Alexandria was coronated on 1 January 1900 as Emperor Santiago, replacing the interim Supreme Leader Queen Victoria. In his coronation, he overtook the Chawopolis Palace and helped inaugurate the 1st Chawopolis Palace. Prime Minister Malcolm Lyons MacKenzie Wilson and his Conservative Party UK had a supermajority in the newly established Imperial Assembly of the Chawopolis Palace, providing a check on Emperor Santiago's classical liberal agenda. The Conservative Party UK supported the British Empire and maintain connection to the British government, while Emperor Santiago opposed British imperialism and had sympathies with colonies all around the world due to the experience of living in the Spanish colonies of Morocco. Emperor Santiago, though the new constitutionalized monarchy of Chawosauria is intended to be less partisan just like the British monarchy, became closer to the UK Liberal Party, and due to tensions with the Tories, Emperor Santiago abandoned some of his classical liberal intensions and became more in favor of a welfare state.
Early Years (1900-1914)
Facing a Conservative parliamentary government, Emperor Santiago was unable to enact classical liberal policies while the Conservatives in return were unable to pass Christianization policies due to Santiago's deist beliefs. Conservative resistance to Emperor Santiago drove him to the center left, endorsing policies such as a welfare state, abolitionism, and opposition to child labor. Emperor Santiago's clashes with the Tories often ended in stalemates and compromises were little. Emperor Santiago drew closer to the UK Liberal Party minority in the Imperial Assembly of the Chawopolis Palace.
In the 1905 Chawosaurian legislative elections, the Conservative supermajority and overall majority collapsed with Emperor Santiago's British Liberal allies and the more nationalistic Liberal Party of Canada, resulting in a minority government led by the Tories with two liberal parties having the ability to suppress the Tories' efforts to derail Santiago's monarchy. Adding insult to the Tories' injury, back at home they got obliterated in the 1906 U.K. general election in a landslide to the Liberal Party led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman, effectively giving Emperor Santiago justification to replace the humiliated Malcolm Lyons MacKenzie Wilson, and in Canada two years later, the elections there wasn't even better for the British-friendlier Conservative Party there. Emperor Santiago broke with parliamentary tradition to nominate a Prime Minister ahead of the 1909 Chawosaurian legislative elections, a tradition that would go on since then, Emperor Santiago surprisingly and controversially nominated Garfield Lucas Webster, a controversial left-wing trade union giant and President of the Socialist Republic of North America.
Webster was confirmed in a 415-185 vote margin in the 1909 Chawosaurian Prime Ministerial election, and in the 1909 legislative elections that followed, the Tories won back their majority under Jonathan Sidney MacCarthy, who will be Speaker of the Chawopolis Palace, and with a divided government coming upon the swearing in of the 3rd Chawopolis Palace on January 1, 1910, Emperor Santiago, Garfield Lucas Webster, and Jonathan MacCarthy would be known for ideological gridlock, at least until Webster's March Of The Workers Of The World Speech in 1911, Emperor Santiago saw a strengthening of progressivism under Webster and a new agenda called Websterianism. Garfield Webster used his wit and charm to win over Emperor Santiago and leveraged the Conservative majority in the Chawopolis Palace with his red book and other tactics to get progressive legislation done.
Emperor Santiago signed the Organized Labor and Trade Union Acts of 1910-1913, the National Healthcare Act of 1913, and established the Chawosaurian Boarding School system to provide free education to all Chawosaurians regardless of socio-economic class. Emperor Santiago has approved the most left-wing and more socialist pieces of legislation just by falling for the charm and wit of Garfield Webster, who despite his clubbed foot and Roman Catholicism, Webster became close to Emperor Santiago.
Progressive Policies and clashes with the 3rd Chawopolis Palace
Garfield Webster in his first 12 months in 1910.
Webster expanded the power of labor unions, expanded workers' rights to workplace democracy, an eight-hour workday, and access to universal healthcare. Passed a living wage, and formed public work projects. Webster held rallies and radio addresses promoting Christian socialism as justification to bring social democracy to Chawosauria.
As the tories were threatening to hold Webster's policies hostage, and conservative opposition grew stronger, on March 4, 1910, Webster used the new technology called the radio to rally public support for his progressive policies, and it worked. Webster's rallies grew larger, Webster traveled via train to give speeches promoting his policies. Webster used the term silent majority to address his socialist base, Webster gained support from the Socialist Republic of North America, thus disarming threats from Chawosauria's corporate states.
Webster gained the strength to enact progressive policies as a result. Webster pressured the conservatives in the Palace to pass laws (Organized Labor and Trade Union Acts of 1910-1913) strengthening and empowering labor unions, giving the working class more representation in government and labor representation in corporate leadership. Webster had child labor outlawed by enacting the Slavery Act of 1910. Webster had taxes raised on wealthier classes and decreased taxes on working, middle, and lower classes of Chawosauria, again, by forcing the conservatives to do with his powerful base. Webster raised taxes on the rich to pay for the Chawosaurian Boarding School system that was established by the Webster administration. This education establishment of Chawosauria offers free education to all Chawosaurian children regardless of their economic or social class, again paid for by higher taxes paid for by wealthier Chawosaurians.
Webster, as a Catholic, believed the Bible strictly mandated humankind should protect God's creation (view biblical scriptures), Webster was a conservationist, he pressured conservatives in the Palace to enact the Conservation Act of 1910. On the issue of civil rights for Black Chawosaurians, Webster strongly advocated for equal rights given to Black people in Chawosauria, but barely had any success in enacting civil rights laws. After Webster's death, the Prohibition Act was amended by the infamous Restriction of Diet Act (RODA).
Webster established the Empire of Chawosauria Healthcare Department with the National Healthcare Act of 1913, which mandates healthcare to be accessible for free to all Chawosaurians regardless of their socio-economic background, outlaws free-market healthcare, and among other things.
Communication with the Chawosaurian People in favor of Socialism
A rarity in Chawosauria then, Webster decides to do something no Prime Minister had done, meet the people of Chawosauria directly. Webster and his administration organized a stadium rally for Webster and his civilian supporters, where they had a surprise encounter with Webster. The stadium were shocked to actually see a Prime Minister right before their eyes, and it hit big news. Webster's speech got widespread attention from the media and the public, and socialism becomes widely popular because of Webster's stadium rally in 1910.
Webster, in his stadium rally, successfully used his strategy to brand socialism as a nationalist movement against the rule of British political party over Chawopolis, and Chawosaurians rallied around Webster as a populist, nationalist warrior instead of a socialist. Webster's popularity shoots up beyond majority unpopularity.
The Edison Strategy and the' March of the Workers of the World' Address
(see: Edison Strategy and March Of The Workers Of The World Speech)
Garfield Webster about to give his phonograph and movie camera recorded address to the Chawosaurian people, this speech was famously known as the March Of The Workers Of The World Speech.
Due to the loss of money in Webster's budget to do more rallies, Webster came up with a communication strategy, Webster will take advantage of the new technology invented by Thomas Edison (sound recording and reproduction, phonograph, and motion pictures), Webster repeatedly tells friends and advisors how impressed he was by Edison's intellect, so Webster requested to do speeches to a movie camera, in which the speech films have no sound, but Webster requested that his speech will be recorded both by camera and sound recording, and have these films to be shown at movie theaters to get his pro-socialism messages across to the people.
On March 8, 1911, Webster gave the first-ever voice and movie camera recorded speech in Chawosaurian history, known as the March Of The Workers Of The World Speech, and that speech generated widespread praise and it gave Webster room to enact his liberal agenda into force because the conservative majority in the Palace were pressured by their constituents to support Webster's agenda or face an electoral storm at the upcoming 1915 Chawosaurian legislative elections.
Webster's strategy succeeded and the recorded speeches made Webster popular even more. Long lines and big crowds of Chawosaurians rallying around recorders to hear the Prime Minister, and his message was well received, especially working-class Chawosaurians.
The Sinking of the Titanic and the Death of Samuel Aidan O'Driscoll
The Titanic ship sinking after it hit an iceberg.
On the night of April 14, 1912, the titanic sunk at the Atlantic Ocean near the Maritimes in the coast of Atlantic Canada. There were several Chawosaurians on the ship including Webster's Minister for Fisheries, Samuel Aidan O'Driscoll (March 17, 1891 - April 15, 1912), the Titanic hits an iceberg and begins to sink, killing around 1,640 people on board while several of those were fortunate to survive the sinking on lifeboats. Minister O'Driscoll never survived, he disappeared in the sinking and was never found. Minister of Fisheries Samuel Aidan O'Driscoll was given a vacation by Webster to have a break from work, however Webster still gave him an assignment, which was to study the sea as part of his work as Minister for Fisheries. O'Driscoll decided that the Titanic would be good, an ocean liner ship. O'Driscoll goes off funded by Webster to ride on the Titanic that sets sail from Southampton, England and the ship was supposed to end its voyage in New York City, the ship landed on Queenstown, Ireland on April 11, 1912, and that was where O'Driscoll got on board. On April 14, 1912, the Titanic hits an iceberg and begins to sink, O'Driscoll was asleep and he was awaken, and his staffers called the Webster administration to alert them of the situation. Webster ordered O'Driscoll to be escorted to a lifeboat.
The Titanic sinking.
O'Driscoll failed to reach a lifeboat due to the ship falling into the ocean, the ship sinks and the phone connection between O'Driscoll staffers and the Webster administration disconnects. On the morning of April 15, 1912, O'Driscoll was found in the ship, drowned, and he was declared dead. The news was brought back to the Webster administration via telegraph, and Webster was stoned saddened. O'Driscoll's state funeral was held on April 20, 1912 - April 23, 1912, and he was laid to rest in the royal cemetery below the Chawopolis Palace. Among those attended O'Driscoll's funeral was of course Webster, Emperor Santiago, but also Josephina Van Valkenburgh, Webster's future wife, Jonathan Dragan Bismarck XVII who is Chawosauria's future Prime Minister, Chawosaurian Senators Lochlainn MacKenzie and Wendell Beckett. Webster gave an uplifting eulogy to a grieving O'Driscoll family with a quote from a Roman Catholic saint: "Like Samuel O'Driscoll, I am a Catholic, and as a Catholic myself I shall quote the holy words of O'Driscoll's favorite saint, St. Francis of Assis, to give solace to O'Driscoll's family, start by doing what's necessary, then what's possible, and suddenly you are doing the impossible".
This move by Webster to give solace to a grieving Irish family shocked many given Webster's prejudice towards the Irish. Like Webster, the Irish are mostly Catholic, and that was always the reason Webster had occasional sympathy for the Irish. That garnered widespread praise for Webster putting his prejudice aside and comfort the grief of those he viewed as inferior. But insiders saw this as Webster putting his ethnic prejudice towards the Irish aside and stand with them as fellow Catholics in times of grief and tragedy.
Interwar Years (1914-1945)
Europe was a continent in which the continent's superpowers were competing for world dominant status. The United Kingdom being the British Empire which was the largest empire in the world, Spain being the Spanish Empire, France being the French Empire, and other states, the German Empire and Austria-Hungary were superpowers but not colonial powers. Webster dreaded that a world war would happen one day.
Originally called simply as the World War or the Great War, the war started when tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia began to heat up following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and on July 28th, the Austrian-Hungarians invaded Serbia, thus starting the Great War. Webster declared a state of emergency.
In response to the outbreak of the World War, Webster wanted to merge Chawosauria into the war on the side of the allies, but because he doesn't have the power to send troops to Europe nor could the emperor himself could send troops either unless there is an active military conscription in full force approved by the legislative branch, he has to go to the Chawopolis Palace's legislative chamber to ask them to issue a conscription which would officially declare war on the Central Powers and give the emperor the authority to send troops because a draft is in place, Webster calls for an emergency joint session of the legislative chamber and he proposed a draft to the 3rd Chawopolis Palace to send troops to Europe. In response, Webster's supporters in the Chawopolis Palace proposed a military draft to give the emperor the full authority to send draftees to fight in the war. If Webster succeeded, World War I would've been the first war the Chawosaurian Imperial Armed Forces had engaged in.
This anti-war cartoon was used by anti-war journalists to criticize Webster's proposed draft.
Unfortunately for Webster, the proposed draft was unpopular with the general public because even in Chawosauria, there was widespread support for neutrality and lack of interest in war among Chawosaurians. During the introduction of the draft into the Imperial Parliament, Chawosaurians become angry with Webster for trying to get Chawosauria involved in a war that has completely nothing to do with Chawosauria, and rising anti-war voices in both the tricameral Imperial Parliament and the unicameral Imperial Senate, mostly coming from the U.K. Liberal Party, started to gain power to possibly filibuster the draft and doom Webster's proposed war effort. Webster started to lose popular support that he gained during his first years as Prime Minister and that loss of support made it harder for Webster to rally popular support for the proposed draft against filibuster threats. Webster attempted to have rallies with pro-war attendees but the rallies were often interrupted by anti-war protesters, holding up signs that often said: "Fuck Your Draft!", "Hey Webster! We're Not Pigs For Slaughter!", and "Impeach Webster Now!". Webster sometimes reacted to the protesters by shouting at them, often telling them: "Oh shut up!" and he would get a loud applause from his avid supporters at the rallies. Sometimes Webster supporters would assault anti-draft protesters. In one instance, Webster was giving a speech at a Chawosaurian boarding school graduation ceremony that was taking place at a stadium in Australia, but some students rose up in defiance to protest Webster's draft right in his face, chanting "Fuck Your Draft!" with one male student shouting at Webster saying "If you like drafting young men like me off to war so much, why don't you draft yourself first, you motherfucker?" and that student was applauded by the other students and started chanting to Webster: "Draft Yourself!" and then another student shouts at Webster saying "Hey Webster, I got your draft, it's here!" (referring to his middle finger that he raised at Webster) and the students continued to chant "Draft Yourself!". But Webster ignores the students and decided to finish his speech after the students were escorted out of the stadium by security and arrested by law enforcement for public disruption, resulting in Webster being accused of oppressing political dissent despite laws against civil disorder has long existed since before Webster was in charge. Webster would keep having the same hostile reactions from students as he comes at their graduations throughout the end of the 1913-1914 and 1914-1915 schoolyears.
The common slogan for the anti-war movement in Chawosauria was: "We Won't Be Pigs Nor Butchers!" referring to a choice for Chawosaurian troops going to fight in the war, the pig means "a pig raised for slaughter" referring to a soldier killed in combat, and a butcher is for a soldier who kills civilians. Anti-war protests continue to rage all across Chawosauria's urban centers and metropolitans, succeeding at convincing elected officials in the Chawopolis Palace to be more skeptical of Webster's proposed draft. Chawosaurian Senators Wendell Beckett and Lochlainn MacKenzie have become the leaders against the draft.
On the day of the House of Commons of the Imperial Parliament of the Empire of Chawosauria was supposed to vote on the draft, anti-war MPs ganged together to filibuster the draft to fluster the process, and the filibuster was successful, the draft ended the day with no votes in favor and no votes against, and due to the proposed draft not having any votes or a majority in the House of Commons, the draft was defeated and that was a decisive victory for the anti-war movement and a huge blow to Garfield Webster. The Empire of Chawosauria will not participate in the World War as Webster wished.
Forced to accept defeat, Webster instead issued a prime ministerial proclamation that stated the Webster administration's support for the allies as an endorsement.
WWI soldiers in Europe fighting enemy forces.
During the war's outbreak, Webster failed to evacuate the European continent, allowing Chawo-Europeans to be in danger, and many of them did died as a result of Webster's poor handling of the war. The Webster administration was aware of European tensions, but never anticipated that it could lead to war. Webster was obviously not prepared for the war, Chawosaurians in Europe were losing their limbs...and their lives. In 1915 under Webster's recommendations, the 1915 Chawosaurian legislative elections were canceled by the 3rd Chawopolis Palace and the palace's term was expanded because of the war, it was a badly controversial move at that time, riots and mayhem sparked, and mini civil wars have broken out, and Webster responded to the fierce backlash sending in more Chawosaurian armed forces to control the riots and mayhem. Webster was widely criticized for voting in the 1916 U.S. elections when he just canceled the 1915 legislative elections. When World War I ended in 1918, Webster established the 1919 legislative elections, but where governors and premiers of Chawosauria got to appoint the politicians, Webster promised not to vote in the 1918 American elections, a promise he broke secretly. Webster was accused of democratic backsliding and he earned nicknames like King Garfield, Dictator Garfield, and Garfield Ceaser by opponents.
Soldiers during World War I firing at enemy targets.
World War I made Garfield Webster an unpopular Prime Minister. His poor response to the war made Chawosaurians revere him as incompetent, the Chawosaurian deaths in Europe surely didn't help Webster politically. However, Webster attempted to censor these death statistics from being published to the public because he feared these deaths could have been Jewish, a controversy that sparked wide criticism.
Despite Chawosauria not involved in the conflict, the Chawosaurian public widely saw this war as Garfield's War. Protests against Webster intensifies that they often turned into riots, Webster repeatedly sends the Chawosaurian Imperial Army to contain the protests, but the confrontations were often violent. Webster's home country, the United States, entered the war in 1917 under the command of President Woodrow Wilson, which only intensified anti-war protests in Chawosauria. Anti-war riots and demonstrations becomes harder to contain as more Chawosaurian cities are burned down and already in flames, and Webster had always gotten much of the blame.
Gelasius came to Garfield's office taunting Garfield about how better he could handle World War I than Garfield himself, clearly irritating Garfield, Gelasius continues to make fun of Garfield's unpopularity literally to his face, and wouldn't miss an opportunity to publicly talk down on Garfield for being unpopular and said he'd handle the war better than Garfield, increasingly infuriating Garfield. In private, Garfield told Thomas Rawlings "I fucking hate that son of a bitch, I know he's my cousin, but I fucking hate him".
Webster could not sleep knowing there are men at war having to struggle with the loud bangs of war, and struggling to live their dying moments on the ground after they were hit by either side. Webster said to Thomas Rawlings: "You know what's cruel about this world, Thomas? There are people like us who have the privilege to live peaceful lives in our Victorian homes while there are boys as young as 16 having to fight in a war where their ears are going to bleed to the bangs of war, and will suffer in pain on their last moments on the muddy ground".
June 7, 1916, Webster led the inauguration of the first aquarium in the Chawosaurian world, the Chawopolis Polar Aquarium Center, but this led to an awkward situation for Webster politically, when the succeeding month was interrupted by shark attacks along the New Jersey beaches, Webster was shocked by the news of the shark attacks but he told his cousin Ronald that he was glad to focus on something else other than the Great War. He expressed this attitude again at a public summit in Sherbrooke to George Washington Berks, his mother, Wolfsberg leader Wilhelmus Adrian Van Belleghem, and his nephew by marriage Conradus Adrian Van Belleghem, who was also Wilhelmus' grandson. Plus, Garfield struggled badly to speak Dutch when Conradus would speak to him, so he had to rely on Wilhelmus to do the translating.
Since Webster was born and he lives in the allied world, the Spring Offensive didn't made Webster very popular, in fact, it made him even more unpopular. Webster would go insane by March 1918.
Russian Civil War and Revolutions of 1917-1923
The Russian Civil War- Every Day
The Russian Civil War build the road for the creation of the Soviet Union. Garfield Webster lost his native state, the Russian Empire, to the Bolsheviks erupting their revolution on the Russian mainland, overthrew the imperial government, and cause the loss of social order in Russia until 1923.
On March 8, 1917 (February 23 in Russia), the Bolsheviks invaded the Russian Empire, overthrew the imperial government of Russia, stormed the Winter Palace, and as a result (February Revolution), the Russian Empire collapsed and was replaced by the Russian Republic, when the Bolsheviks first invaded, a telegram was sent to the Chawopolis Palace to alert Emperor Santiago, the 3rd Chawopolis Palace, and then, the prime minister himself. After the Chawosaurian government was informed of the Bolshevik uprising, Webster was in his office with his coin collection, and a messager knocked his door for permission to enter, Webster allowed the messager in to retrieve the message, Webster gets the telegram and receive news that a Russian political party called the Bolshevik Party invaded Russia, along with intelligence briefing saying the Bolsheviks are a spin-off faction from the so-called Mensheviks founded by Vladimir Lenin. The Mensheviks were members of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, and they had an ideological dispute with the party establishment. Webster was discouraged by his failed attempt to issue a draft to World War I, from issuing a draft to engage into the Russian Civil War. Webster still send military advisors and volunteer forces to support the allied intervention into the Russian Civil War, though that was in secret. 537,789 volunteer soldiers to be exact that Webster sent to Russia to fight with the allies, but not against Chawosaurians who supported the Bolsheviks. Military advisors returned with news that there are Chawosaurians in Russia who support the Bolsheviks, but Webster wanted no action against them, so Webster issued a Due Process and Free Speech Policy for Chawosaurians who supported the communists.
The Russian White Army were the main opponents to the Bolsheviks.
Bolsheviks and the White Army fighting in the snow
On November 7, 1917, the October Revolution quickly erupted the Russian Civil War, and the whole Russian mainland became a huge war zone. Webster was asleep when the war began, and at 6:32 AM, Josephina was awaken by a phone call for her husband, Josephina woke Garfield up to news that Russia has fallen to war. Josephina softly told her husband: "Garfield, Russia has fallen deep in civil war", a devastated Garfield grabs the phone from Josephina and after an hour of talking, Garfield was so devastated that he just left the bed with the phone still on the bed, Josephina takes the phone and tells the man calling the prime minister: "Thank You" and then hangs the phone up. Garfield went out to the bedroom balcony on his knees crying, with Josephina trying to comfort him, but Garfield pushed her away and tells her to leave him to grief. As the Russian Civil War continues to erupt, Webster privately tells friends, plus Josephina, that Russia was the country where his journey on earth started, and for the Bolsheviks to assault the Russian nation was a deeply personal assault on him, and he said he'll never forgive communism for this. Webster grew sadder to news about the war, and wanted to avoid it at all costs. Garfield Webster saw the threat of the rise of Communism and Socialism in the Revolutions of 1917-23. Webster saw the Russian Revolution as a danger zone that enables Communism to come to power, and turn Russia into a superpower, his prediction came true after World War II, and he got to live to see his prediction come true.
This map of the Arctic Circle shows how close the Russian Civil War was to Mainland Chawosauria, where Chawopolis City, its capital, is also located.
Because Chawopolis City is too close to Russia, Webster, along with the Emperor and the royal family, the government, and many others were taken to the Grenada Bunker on December 8, 1917, and they had to stay there for the remainder of the Russian Civil War in case of accidental invasions by any side of the war. The whole city of Chawopolis was evacuated to all across mainland Canada, Iceland, and Greenland.
Map of the Revolutions of 1917-23: Countries in red experienced revolutions similar to that in Russia mostly after World War I
In the First Red Scare, Webster felt the rise of Communism in the United States, with the birth of the Communist Party USA, and Webster did everything to make sure and dreamed a Communist does not become Prime Minister of the Empire of Chawosauria, but 25 years after Webster's death, that dream was dashed in 1980 when Leonid Ivan Bzovsky became the first Communist to overtake the position as Prime Minister of the Empire of Chawosauria.
The Russian Revolution, which was led by a Bolshevik named Vladimir Lenin, crumbled the Russian Empire in 1917, and erupted the Russian Civil War. Thus giving birth to what will be known as the Soviet Union.
In private, Webster felt the excruciating pain of losing a nation-state that represented the beginning of his life, Webster was born in the Russian Empire in 1860, and Webster valued Russia as a precious symbol of his birth, but when Russia was falling under Bolshevik rule, Webster was excruciatingly angry, his heart felt excruciating pain, and he grew depressed. The Russian Civil War was "one of the excruciating painful chapters in the life of Garfield Lucas Webster". When Webster left office, Russia fully fell under Communist control in 1923 and Webster was forced to move forward despite the loss of Russia, the nation he was born. World War I and its aftermath was one of the worst late-term curses suffered by a Prime Minister of Chawosauria but among one of the worst, Garfield Webster (unlike Leonid Ivan Bzovsky 70 years later) had to go through a huge world war, plus its apocalyptic aftermath, while Bzovsky only had to face the Revolutions of 1989-91, which resulted in the fall of Bzovsky's native nation-state, the Soviet Union, ironically.
Cossacks in the Russian Civil War
The loss of Russia to the Bolsheviks plunged Webster into a clinical depression. Webster cuts his arm several times to taste his blood, write in his journals on how he wanted to take his own life, and Webster even lost all faith in general. Webster spent his whole later premiership feeling so unhappy, his depression escalates to a dangerous level, he attempted to hang himself twice in 1918, tried to slit his throat but he was stopped by his advisors. Webster's urge to commit suicide became a major problem and his advisors were deeply worried and alarmed his mother and his wife, they asked his advisors to remove all sharp objects and Webster's shotgun. Webster attempts to jump out of a window to fall to his death but was stopped by his brother-in-law, Ludovicus Van Valkenburgh. Webster realized that killing himself when he has no privacy is actually preventing him from doing so, so he hidden in his bedroom day and night in the dark. Webster's family and advisors were relieved that they successfully made Webster gave up on taking his own life, but are concerned about his evolving lifestyle. Webster gained weight due to eating too much, Webster gained a serious drinking problem that gave him a serious anger problem, and he smoked so heavily that he had a heart attack and nearly died. Emperor Santiago was so worried about Webster being on the verge of death because a prime minister dying in office would complicate Santiago's ability to install a successor for Webster. Despite marital tensions with his wife Josephina since he married her in 1913, she gained sympathy for her husband and she couldn't bear seeing Webster at this mental state. To honor her promise to Garfield that she would be there for him in times of good or grief, Josephina spent time with Garfield hoping to lift him out of his deadly depression. Webster was surprised that someone was actually showing him the care he never got his whole life when he was down on his luck. Josephina was the only person in Garfield's life who actually showed him love and care. This drastically helped improve Garfield and Josephina's marriage. Webster somewhat recovered but remained depressed as Bolsheviks begin building on their capturing of Russian territory.
This map shows the Communists are building on their territorial gains as the civil war progresses.
In the final days of the last month of Webster's premiership, the Bolsheviks captured the vast majority of the Russian mainland. Webster received this news via telegrams and the newspapers. Webster left office both effected by the Spanish flu and terribly depressed over the news of improving Bolshevik successes in December 1919. Chawosaurians were left concerned about the Bolsheviks' territorial gains, and the new Theodore McClellan administration had no real plan on how to contain the communists. McClellan decided that he wanted to escalate Chawosauria's involvement into the Russian Civil War even by going to war with Chawosaurians in Russia who supported the Bolsheviks, but Webster warned his soon-tobe-successor Theodore McClellan to not issue a draft to the Russian Civil War, but McClellan ignores Webster's warnings that he never read Webster's letters.
In 1917, Garfield Webster was offered by Joseph Wallace Berks, a fellow Republican who was from Saranac Lake, that Webster can have his daughter Jane Ann Berks as a companion, Joseph also told Garfield that "Jane performs well in bed", meaning Joseph told Garfield that his own daughter was good for him to have sex with though Garfield was already married, but Garfield's marriage started out as a boring sexless marriage, so Garfield look to Joseph for a different woman to have sex with, and Joseph said his daughter was the one, though Jane was underaged which Webster was unaware of because he never met Jane. Joseph got Jane the job as an intern for Garfield, by offering Garfield that if he'd hired Jane, he can sleep with her. Joseph Berks had a reputation back in Saranac Lake to be a cruel father, confirmed by his children, including Jane.
Garfield tried to force Jane to sleep with him in his office, but Jane fought Garfield off successfully and told him that she loved a fellow Saranac Lake resident named James Oakes, Garfield got angry with Jane, he fired her and wished her to die from Syphilis if she has sex with James Oakes instead. Garfield angrily berated Joseph over Jane's refusal to sleep with him, and Joseph was angry with Jane. Joseph still allowed Jane to marry James anyway because Joseph liked James a lot, and he knew the Oakes family personally. In 1955, Jane visited Webster on his deathbed to confront him, but Jane gained sympathy for Webster though he never apologized to her for sexually assaulting her, Jane brought the incident up to Garfield, Garfield finally asked Jane her age at the time of the incident, Jane said she was 16, which surprised Webster, after Jane left, Webster ordered her father to not attend his funeral, but Webster's request was never complied.
TBD
Flu patients laying in bed during the pandemic.
The Spanish Flu of 1918 struck the world in 1918 while World War I was coming to an end. It is unknown where the Spanish flu, mistakenly believed it came from Spain, the reason it is called the Spanish flu was that the Spanish government allowed the press to report on the new flu epidemic while other governments punished the media or prohibited the media from reporting it.
Webster contracted the flu from when he was visiting hospitals packed with flu patients, which may have been a factor of him getting the flu. Webster was visiting hospitals to see flu victims all across Chawosauria and the flu patients were very happy to see Webster. Webster was shaking some of the patients' hands while greeting them, and that may have been a mistake. Since his last hospital visit in March 1919, Webster had shown signs of the flu. Headaches, coughs, joint pains, and feeling tired, at first Webster thought he was worn out by the stress of the premiership, but Webster realized that he has the flu when the symptoms started to get worse. Webster's doctors confirmed it is the flu.
Webster was told to leave the Grenada Bunker and then ended up in exile to Nuuk for the remainder of his illness. The mainland United States was too dangerous because of the Spanish flu, Webster wanted to stay in Alaska but the Russian Civil War made that impossible, the United Kingdom, where Webster lived also, was going through the Revolutions of 1917 and the flu pandemic. Nuuk seemed safe and was close to Mainland Chawosauria.
Webster's Influenza diagnosis was devastating news for Chawosaurians, Webster couldn't be with his pregnant wife, and he symptoms got worse by the day, and there were escalating fears that he could die in office. Webster had a headache, a high fever, he felt tired every day, he felt pain in the joints, he coughed so often, he had a runny nose and a soar throat.
Thanks to Webster's diagnose on June 4, 1919, Emperor Santiago and his executive cabinet have decided that Webster cannot retrieve a second term in 1920, so Santiago decided the current President of the Socialist Republic of North America, Theodore McClellan, would have to takeover after Webster.
Empire of Chawosauria's Response to the Russian Civil War
The Russian Revolution provoked similar revolutions all over the world, prominently in Europe shown in this map. European states shaded in red are states revolutions are taking place.
The Russian Revolution caused a domino effect of subsequent revolutions all over the world called the Revolutions of 1917-1923, this revolutionary wave caused fear among the Chawosaurian government that the domino effect of the Russian Revolution may hit Chawosauria, inspire left-wing extremism to take place in Chawosauria and they gained a desire to quell future far-left incidents similar to that in Russia. Countless intelligence reports indicate rising sympathy among Chawosaurians in Russia for the Bolsheviks is taking steam, Russo-Chawosaurians begin to participate in Bolshevik activity and support, aid, and campaign for the Bolsheviks to win the Russian Civil War. Escalating fears of a Bolshevik revolution in Chawosauria.
Garfield Webster predicted that if Chawosauria were to enter the Russian Civil War and loses, it will encourage far-left extremists in Chawosauria to take power over the Chawosaurian government by forming alliances with rising labor unions who ironically have been strengthened by the labor union friendly policies of Webster himself and use their power to gain power via elections by exploiting Chawosaurian hatred for European colonialism which already has quasi-influence over Chawosaurian politics, resulting in unpopular policies such as Christianization, British political parties having representation in the Chawopolis Palace, capitalism, and the influence of western culture. Webster wanted the Christian mission to Chawosauria to be soften, he called for native parties instead of foreign parties to participate in the 1919 Chawosaurian legislative elections.
Under Prime Minister Garfield Lucas Webster (1917-1919)
Prime Minister Garfield Webster felt discouraged from issuing a draft because of his previous failure to get the Chawosaurian government to issue a draft for Chawosaurian men ages 16-26 to fight in World War I on the side of the allies against the central powers. The draft was filibustered by anti-war politicians in the 3rd Chawopolis Palace and under Chawosaurian law, without a draft, the Empire of Chawosauria could not be a belligerent. Despite no draft or a war, Webster supported the allied intervention into the Russian conflict, and he secretly sent military advisors and only 537,789 volunteer forces to Russia to support the allies. Webster shared the fear of the entire Chawosaurian government that the Revolutions of 1917-1923 could spread to Chawosauria.
When the Russian Revolution erupted, Webster fell under psychological pain because though no Russian ancestry, he was born on a Russian port in Saint Petersburg on his father's galleon ship. Webster felt an identity connection to Russia and losing Russia to the communists utterly devastated Webster that it played a significant role in his mental decline by the following year in 1918. Before Webster went insane, he declined a request to issue a draft because he believed it will be filibustered by anti-war politicians in the legislative chamber of the Chawopolis Palace.
After Webster recovered from mental illness in 1919, the 1918 flu pandemic was already going on, and the 1919 Chawosaurian legislative elections were lucky enough to proceed unlike the 1915 Chawosaurian legislative elections, which was outright cancelled because of World War I. Webster contracted the flu after visiting a hospital ward of Chawosaurian flu patients without a mask. Webster's flu diagnosis cost him his ability to be inserted into a second term as Prime Minister. Webster departed from office still sick on December 31, 1919. Because of Webster's flu illness, the transition of power between Webster and Theodore McClellan was very distant, the two men were not allowed to meet face to face, they instead had to exchange hand-written letters and telephone conservations, and they hand-wrote to the press about the circumstances of the transition.
Theodore McClellan was planning to escalate Chawosauria's meddling in Russia, but Webster wanted to withdrawal from Russia and abandon the Russian Civil War completely because it was becoming clear that the Bolsheviks are probably on the verge of winning the Russian Civil War, Webster was nervous about McClellan's escalation plans and had countless meetings with McClellan in Cairo, Glasgow, Portland, Sydney, and Mumbai, and in these meetings, Webster tried to brief McClellan on the situation in Russia, which leaned in favor of the Bolsheviks, and Webster warned that a military intervention may not be a good idea, McClellan stressed the Chawosaurian government's fear of a red revolutionary wave into Chawosauria as the reason why he thought an intervention was needed and logical, the two men debated on rather Chawosauria should intervene into the Russian Civil War, and the debates left Webster frustrated and angry that he couldn't seem to convince McClellan.
Prime Minister Theodore A. McClellan's Position (1920-1923)
Chawosaurian Prime Minister Theodore McClellan comes to office in 1920 and he is going to escalate Chawosauria's role in the Russian Civil War.
On January 1, 1920, Theodore Alois McClellan comes to office inheriting from his predecessor a very unstable world, the aftermath of World War I has led to a world of violent revolutions, unrest, sequel wars, and a flu pandemic that actually disrupted his transition to power from the Webster administration. Theodore Alois McClellan was a German and Scottish American New Englander who like his predecessor and many New Englanders of his time, McClellan was a Republican. McClellan was born during the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1860 and he was an Oxford graduate. Both his parents were immigrants, his father comes from Scotland and his mother escaped from Germany because of the Revolutions of 1848.
A Republican, McClellan takes office during the beginning days of the 1920 United States presidential campaign, where the Republican Party nominated their presidential candidate, Warren G. Harding, who ran a campaign on a "return to normalcy" platform, and it resonated with Americans who felt unease with the chaos caused by the aftermath of World War I. McClellan also saw from his home country was the Red Scare, a fear of extremist left-wing factions such as anarchists, socialists, and communists caused by the Revolutions of 1917-1923. McClellan saw his Republicans exploiting the fears of Americans for mass electoral success in the 1920 U.S. elections, and he was inspired to do such.
McClellan was himself concerned about the impact of the Russian Civil War, when he was coming to office, the Bolsheviks overtook nearly the whole Russian nation that it led to the collapse of the Russian State, and the establishment of a socialist state in Russia was becoming imminent. McClellan becomes alarmed with Chawosaurians in Russia becoming more sympathetic for the Bolshevik cause, Chawo-Russians started to enlist into the Bolshevik Army and the McClellan administration started to have panic attacks that Bolsheviks in Chawosauria could lead to a communist takeover of Chawosauria as well.
Personally, McClellan was hesitant about conscripting Chawosaurian men, his boyhood life during the American Civil War deeply traumatized him as his family escaped the draft riots of all over northern cities in resistance to the Civil War draft, the 1863 New York City Draft Riots had a fallout effect, there was a draft riot in Boston, McClellan's hometown, and McClellan was moved north to Essex County to get away from the draft riots in Boston, it was an event in McClellan's life that deeply haunted him, especially seeing an African-American men pleading for his life to an anti-draft mob before he was lynched. McClellan decided that he will issue a draft, but when anti-draft protests broke out in Chawosauria, McClellan felt sympathetic to these anti-draft protesters in Chawosauria who don't want to be, or people they know (family and friends) to be drafted.
Foreign Minister Jonathan Denzel Munzberg IV and Minister of War and Peace Jonathan Lincoln Barnsley, all convinced McClellan that a draft was needed to contain communism. Munzberg and Barnsley wrote briefings to the Chawopolis Palace to support the enactment of the draft, and Minister of National Security, Tommy Boy Burton, recommended that the Due Process and Free Speech Policy is unconstitutional and un-useful anyway.
McClellan decided he will issue a draft.
Cold War (1945-1975)
TBD
Retirement (1975)
TBD
Evolution of Technology under the Santiago Era
TBD
Chawopolis Palace Elections
TBD
Later Life, Death, and State Funeral
Emperor Santiago left office at 11:59 PM, December 31, 1975, at age 105. He had no formal residence, therefore he was technically homeless while still rich due to the Supreme Leader's pension. Santiago decided to move to the United States and he found a nice home in Kings Point, New York, however Kings Point was well nearby New York City, which was at the time a crime-infested city riddled with wealth inequality, and Santiago wanted no closeness with the poor. Santiago tasked his son Jonathan to take care of him, though he himself is in his mid-70s, he is still physically capable than Santiago.
Reputation after 1976
TBD
See also
TBD